Airspace & permitting
SORA has emerged as the global standard for complex aerial operations for operating Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS)
In this article, you’ll have an overview of the required documents to operate drones beyond visual line of sight.
SORA framework
The Specific Operations Risk Assessment (SORA) is an internationally recognized methodology for evaluating and mitigating the safety risks associated with complex Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) operations, especially BVLOS flights. While every country has their own way to run things, its core principles remain fairly consistent globally.
SORA provides a structured framework to:
- Define the Operation (ConOps): Clearly outline your BVLOS mission, its environment, and scope.
- Identify Risks: Pinpoint potential ground and air hazards.
- Assess Risk Levels: Quantify these risks through a detailed framework, culminating in a Specific Assurance and Integrity Level (SAIL).
- Implement Mitigations: Propose comprehensive strategies—technological, procedural, and training-based—to reduce identified risks to an acceptable level.
- Demonstrate Safety: Build a robust safety case proving the operation can be conducted with an equivalent level of safety to manned aviation.
Successfully navigating the SORA process is key to obtaining the Operational Authorization
Airspace Classes & Governing Bodies
While most nations base their airspace classifications on ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) standards (Classes A-G), the specific rules and authorization pathways for BVLOS drone operations vary significantly. Understanding these nuances is critical for cross-border or multi-regional deployments.
Commonalities Across Regions:
- All regions classify airspace to manage manned and unmanned aircraft safely.
- BVLOS operations are consistently recognized as higher-risk and require specific, often rigorous, authorization.
- A strong emphasis on risk assessment (like SORA), pilot competency, and aircraft airworthiness is universal.
Authorisation pathways
| Category | United States (FAA) | Europe (EASA) | Malaysia (CAAM) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Governing Body | Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) | EASA & National Aviation Authorities (NAAs) | Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia (CAAM) |
| Primary BVLOS Authorization Pathway | Part 107 Waiver (requires robust safety case) | “Specific” Category Operational Authorization (based on SORA/PDRA) | UAS Operator Permit (UAOP) + Specific Operational Authorization (based on CAAM ACs/SORA) |
| Airspace Access Tools | LAANC for controlled airspace | U-space (emerging) for traffic management | Designated UAS Operating Zones (UASOZ) |
| Key Regulatory Focus | Granting exemptions/waivers to existing regulations | Risk-based categorization (Open/Specific/Certified) | Permit-driven system with defined operational zones |
| Operational Philosophy | Performance-based for waiver applications | Risk-proportionate for operations | Controlled within designated zones or specific approval |
Getting clearance to operate is complex & time-consuming. It demands deep understanding of national and international aviation law, robust risk management, and precise operational planning.
Apply for permits
Whether you choose to tackle the application process independently or seek expert guidance, our team is equipped to support your journey:
- Self-Application Empowerment: This document and our comprehensive resources provide a foundational understanding of the regulatory landscape, empowering your team to initiate and manage your own permit applications.
- Managed Services for Seamless Deployment: For organizations prioritizing rapid, compliant, and hassle-free drone operations, the AlphaSight team offers an end-to-end managed service. Our experts will:
- Conduct comprehensive SORA analysis and safety case development.
- Liaise directly with regulatory bodies (FAA, EASA/NAAs, CAAM) on your behalf.
- Manage all permit applications and renewals.
- Oversee full drone installation, system integration, and operational readiness.
- Provide continuous support and compliance monitoring.
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Resources for self-service
Show me useful links for me to apply for the permits myself.